Documentation

Event Curation at EONET

The curation of events is a significant component of the EONET system, and while the technical details are, to an extent, straight forward, the definition of what exactly constitutes an event is fluid and challenges us to be constrained. What are the contextual parameters of an event? If one curator or source defines a specific wildfire in Idaho as a discrete event and another defines the summer wildfire season in the Pacific Northwest as a single event, what does that mean for the end user? If end users can filter by source/curator, does that provide them with ample context for the development of their application?

We make choices about the sources we use in EONET, and we also make decisions about what events from any one source are included in the system. Some of these choices are based on a desire to keep our feeds from getting overly congested, some are made based on a perceived ability to see the event with modern satellite remote sensing (one of our primary customers is NASA’s Worldview application). We are frequently re-evaluating our criteria and may occasionally reprocess a data source to improve our coverage. EONET should not be viewed as the ultimate collection of natural event metadata but we do strive to include as much as our time and effort permits.

We are constantly thinking about these issues and how to best represent natural events within EONET, and we encourage you to get in touch with us if you have ideas, suggestions or use cases that you have developed, or can point us to machine-readable sources of natural event metadata that we can include in the collection.

Sea and Lake Ice

Icebergs
All icebergs currently tracked by the National Ice Center are included in EONET. Full criteria for which icebergs are included in the National Ice Center can be found on NOAA’s National Ice Center web site. To be classified as an iceberg by the National Ice Center the total area of the iceberg must be at least 500 square meters.

The National Ice Center updates their online list every Friday and EONET ingests this file on Saturday morning. If an iceberg’s location is not recorded by the National Ice Center for three weeks (meaning it has been delisted by NATICE) it will be deactivated in EONET.

EONET does not ingest every reported position for any given iceberg. An iceberg location is only recorded in EONET if it is either a) a newly-tracked iceberg, or b) has moved at least 50km since its last observed position.

Historical Data
We have ingested some historical iceberg data back to August 2011 and intend to eventually include the entire back catalog from the Brigham Young University Antarctic Iceberg Tracking Database.

Severe Storms

Tropical Cyclones
Tropical cyclones are added to EONET when they first achieve tropical storm designation—wind speeds of at least 34 knots (39 mph or 17.5 m/s).

Cyclonic events are closed after 5 days of inactivity (i.e., since the last reported location from our sources).

Sources

Historical Data
Although not complete, a significant catalog of tropical cyclones since 2000 is included in EONET. This historical catalog will be augmented in the near future (2019) using the IBTrACS database.

Other Severe Weather
Other severe storms and weather that are reported by various meteorological societies and popular media are occasionally included in EONET.

Volcanoes

Volcanic events are added to EONET when one of our sources reports that there is at least a visible ash emission due to an eruption. Events with physical ejecta (rock or lava) are, of course, also added to EONET. Volcanoes with purely gaseous emissions not containing ash are generally not added to EONET.

A volcanic event will remain open in EONET for a period of 6-7 weeks after its latest reported activity. Very active volcanoes might not be removed after 6-7 weeks of inactivity if they’ve shown a general tendency to be routinely active over the past year.

If, after a period of several months’ inactivity, a volcano again becomes active, it is given a new EONET ID for the new period of activity. One volcano can have several EONET IDs over the course of a few years.

Sources

  • Smithsonian/USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report

Historical Data
While not comprehensive, a few historical eruption events have been included in the EONET database. These are generally from the modern satellite era.

Wildfires

Most of our wildfire data to date were replicated from the sources below. Currently EONET ingests wildfires that have reached an area of 500 acres (˜202 hectares) or more.

We have recently switched to using the Integrated Reporting of Wildfire Information (IRWIN) Observer for wildfire information in the United States. The Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System (GDACS) is the new source for global wildfire data outside of the U.S.

Sources

Comments
If you have comments or questions, or wish to make suggestions about how to improve our curation practices, please contact us.